• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter with a housing (27), a measuring chamber (26) which is formed in the housing (27), a piston (28) which is arranged axially displaceably in the measuring chamber (26), a permanent magnet (32), which is arranged in the piston (28) and movable with the piston (28) and at least one magnetoresistive sensor (30) which measures a magnetic field change in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet (32), with at least one stationary permanent magnet (40; 42) in the Housing (27) is arranged, the magnetic field of which acts on the magnetoresistive sensor (30) exclusively in the direction of movement of the piston (28).
    公开号:CH716247B1
    申请号:CH01448/20
    申请日:2019-07-18
    公开日:2021-10-15
    发明作者:Kammerstetter Heribert；Bucher Michael；Hörzer Michael
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a differential pressure transducer for a flow meter with a housing, a measuring chamber which is formed in the housing, a piston which is arranged axially displaceably in the measuring chamber, a permanent magnet which is arranged in the piston and is movable with the piston and at least one magnetoresistive sensor that measures a magnetic field change in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet, as well as a flow meter for measuring time-resolved flow processes with an inlet, an outlet, a drivable displacement meter, a bypass line via which the displacement meter can be bypassed, a differential pressure transducer, which is in the bypass line is arranged and an evaluation and control unit, via which the drivable displacement meter can be regulated as a function of the pressure difference applied to the pressure difference sensor.
    Differential pressure sensors have been used for many years in injection quantity measuring devices in which the differential pressure sensors are arranged in a bypass line to a positive displacement meter. The differential pressure transducers consist of a piston which has a base area that is slightly smaller than the opening cross-section of the measuring chamber in which the piston is arranged, so that on the one hand there is free axial mobility of the piston in the measuring chamber, but on the other hand there is no movement within the measuring chamber Fluid can flow between the inner wall of the measuring chamber and the outer wall of the piston, which would lead to a change in the pressure difference applied to the piston. The piston should have a density that corresponds to the density of the fluid to be displaced in the measuring chamber.
    The displacement meter is controlled for the injection quantity measurement in such a way that the piston in the measuring chamber is always pushed back into its starting position by the promotion of the displacement meter despite the pressure changes caused by the injection processes of the displacement meter must always be balanced.
    For correct regulation of the displacement meter, it is therefore necessary to constantly know the exact position of the piston in order to be able to carry out a corresponding regulation of the displacement meter. Magnetic sensor systems have been used for position detection in recent years due to their easy handling and good accuracy. These are non-contact magnetoresistive sensors which, depending on the magnetic field of a permanent magnet acting on the sensor, generate a different output voltage which can serve as a measure for the position of the permanent magnet. When measuring purely linear movements, above all sensors are used that measure a changing magnetic field strength in the direction of movement of the permanent magnet.
    In AT 512 619 A2 such a flow meter is disclosed for the first time in which the deflection of the piston in the measuring chamber caused by the applied pressure difference is measured by such a magnetoresistive sensor, which reacts to the magnetic field of a permanent magnet attached to the piston. This deflection of the piston measured by the sensor is then used to adjust the speed of the displacement meter. Either a single or multiple sensors can be used to measure the magnetic field.
    It has been shown, however, that when using magnetizable materials, the measured values are falsified by the changing permeability of the substances as well as magnetic fields generated by external magnetic fields, such as the earth's magnetic field or by conductors through which current flows. In order to avoid this, it is known to use exclusively non-magnetizable materials for the construction or to shield the measuring chamber completely magnetically.
    In order to improve the accuracy of the measurements, a pressure differential transducer was proposed in DE 10 2016 117 340 A1 in which the permanent magnet communicating with the magnetoresistive sensor was fastened in a hollow piston centrally on the central axis of the piston. A rotation of the piston in the measuring chamber does not change the measurement result in this way. In addition, a cover is provided to shield the flowmeter from external magnetic fields, such as the earth's magnetic field or magnetic fields from electric motors or other electrical components.
    However, this requires an increased design and manufacturing effort with rising manufacturing costs, since both a restriction in the choice of material must be provided and additional components must be installed and manufactured. Nevertheless, in some cases, the measurement results are not sufficiently accurate.
    The object is therefore to provide a pressure differential transducer for a flow meter and a flow meter with such a pressure differential transducer with which the deflection of the piston can be measured exactly without having to undertake additional shielding measures or restrict the choice of materials be.
    This object is achieved by a pressure differential transducer for a flow measuring device with the features of claim 1 and a flow measuring device with the features of claim 13. Because at least one stationary permanent magnet is arranged in the housing, the magnetic field of which acts on the magnetoresistive sensor exclusively in the direction of movement of the piston, the magnetic field of the stationary sensor is superimposed on the magnetic field of the moving sensor. The resulting magnetic field thus results in a homogeneous constant field in the area of the sensor, by means of which the usable linear area of the sensor signals is broadened, whereby the measurement results have a higher accuracy. This measure also surprisingly reduces the influence of the changing permeability of the materials used in the housing and the piston and the linearity of the displacement signal is improved, so that the measured values of the differential pressure sensor are more accurate and a correspondingly accurate measurement of flow rates is possible with the flow meter according to the invention .
    Preferably, two stationary permanent magnets are arranged in the housing, which are arranged on a common axis with the at least one magnetoresistive sensor, which runs parallel to the axis of movement of the movable permanent magnet, wherein the first stationary permanent magnet is arranged on a first side of the at least one magnetoresistive sensor and the second stationary permanent magnet is arranged on the opposite side of the at least one magnetoresistive sensor. This arrangement leads to a completely homogeneous magnetic field acting in the measuring direction of the sensor, which acts on the sensor and superimposes the changing magnetic field of the moving permanent magnet and reliably overcomes the linear range of the sensor signal, even if the moving permanent magnet is further away and the resulting smaller acting on the sensor Magnetic field expanded.
    It is preferred if the two stationary permanent magnets are polarized opposite to the movable permanent magnet, since then the magnetic field lines acting on the sensor have the same orientation and thus an amplification of the magnetic field acting on the sensor is achieved. Accordingly, the voltage signals generated by the sensor are in the linear range over a large measuring distance.
    In a preferred embodiment, several magnetoresistive sensors are arranged on the axis between the two stationary permanent magnets. By using several sensors arranged next to one another, in particular three sensors arranged next to one another, the signals can be checked for plausibility on the one hand and the position of the piston can be determined very precisely over a larger travel distance of the sensor through superposition.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the two stationary permanent magnets are at a distance from one another which corresponds at least to the maximum travel of the movable permanent magnet. This ensures that the magnetic field of the moving permanent magnet is always within the linear field generated by the two stationary permanent magnets and thus the influence of magnetizable material remains low.
    In a further embodiment, a third stationary permanent magnet and a fourth stationary permanent magnet are arranged on the opposite side of the piston to the first stationary permanent magnet and the second stationary permanent magnet, which generate a resulting magnetic field which corresponds to the resulting magnetic field of the first stationary permanent magnet and the second stationary permanent magnet corresponds to the movement axis of the movable permanent magnet with respect to the size of the magnetic field and has an opposite orientation. The magnetic field of these additional permanent magnets does not act on the sensors if possible. Instead, an influence of the first and the second stationary permanent magnet on the permanent magnet movable with the piston is avoided, since this could change the forces acting on the piston and thus disturb the pressure equilibrium to be set on the piston.
    In an alternative embodiment, the first stationary permanent magnet and the second stationary permanent magnet are arranged within the travel path of the movable permanent magnet and generate a magnetic field which is less than 5% of the maximum field strength of the movable permanent magnet at the level of the axis of movement of the permanent magnet. This is sufficient, on the one hand, not to exert any force on the piston through magnetic attraction that affects the position of the piston and, on the other hand, to provide a sufficiently strong stationary superimposed magnetic field for the sensors due to the spatial proximity to provide both a large linear measuring range and to produce sufficient insensitivity to external magnetic fields.
    A particularly simple assembly and manufacture results when the first stationary permanent magnet and the second stationary permanent magnet are arranged on a board on which the magnetoresistive sensors are arranged. This means that additional steps for mounting the permanent magnets in the housing can be omitted.
    Alternatively, the first stationary permanent magnet and the second stationary permanent magnet are attached to a housing block of the housing on which the circuit board is attached. This simplifies the replacement of the permanent magnets, which can nevertheless be mounted at the same time as the housing block and the circuit board.
    The housing block is preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. This material cannot be magnetized, so that no additional magnetic field is created. Furthermore, this simplifies cooling of the measuring chamber, since aluminum is a good heat conductor. The field strength of the first stationary permanent magnet and of the second stationary permanent magnet preferably corresponds to 1% to 90% of the field strength of the movable permanent magnet. The strength of the stationary permanent magnets is dependent on the distance between the stationary permanent magnets and the sensors in relation to the distance between the piston magnet and the sensors. Correspondingly, as the distance between the stationary permanent magnets and the sensors increases, their field strength should also increase.
    The magnetoresistive sensor or sensors are advantageously unipolar sensors. These measure the magnetic field only in one direction, which means that they can be produced more cost-effectively, but provide very precise results for linear distance measurement.
    A pressure differential transducer for a flow meter and a flow meter equipped therewith is thus created, with which a high accuracy of the measurement results is achieved, since the position of the piston can be determined very precisely, since the sensors have a broad linear range due to the selected structure and the influence of external magnetic interference fields is largely eliminated without additional shielding having to be provided. Such a flow measuring device can thus be manufactured to be smaller and more cost-effective.
    The differential pressure transducer according to the invention for a flow measuring device and its function in the system are described below with reference to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment shown in the figures. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a flow measuring device in which a pressure differential sensor according to the invention can be used. FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a pressure differential transducer according to the invention for a flow measuring device according to FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a graph in which the magnetic field is plotted against the piston displacement for a pressure differential transducer without a stationary magnetic field and with a stationary magnetic field.
    The flow meter 10 shown in Figure 1 has an inlet 12 and an outlet 14, which are connected to one another by a main line 16 in which a rotary positive displacement meter 18, which is designed as a gear pump, is arranged.
    A fluid to be measured, in particular a fuel, flows through the inlet 12 from a device generating a flow, in particular a high-pressure fuel pump, and at least one injection valve, into the main line 16 of the flow meter 10 and is conveyed via the displacement meter 18, which is supplied via a clutch or a transmission can be driven by a drive motor 20.
    From the main line 16 branches off between the inlet 12 and the rotary displacement meter 18, a bypass line 22 which opens downstream of the rotary displacement meter 18 between this and the outlet 14 back into the main line 16 and, like the main line 16, fluidically with the inlet 12 and the outlet 14 is connected. In this bypass line 22 a translational pressure difference sensor 24 is arranged, which consists of a measuring chamber 26 and a piston 28 which is arranged axially freely displaceable in the measuring chamber 26 and which has the same specific weight as the measuring fluid, i.e. the fuel, and is cylindrically shaped like the measuring chamber 26 is. A housing 27 delimiting the measuring chamber 26 has an inner diameter which essentially corresponds to the outer diameter of the piston 28. When there is a pressure difference between the front and the rear of the piston 28, the piston 28 is deflected from its rest position. Correspondingly, the deflection of the piston 28 is a measure of the applied pressure difference.
    In order to be able to correctly determine this deflection, at least one magnetoresistive sensor 30 is arranged on the measuring chamber 26, which is in operative connection with a permanent magnet 32 fixed centrally in the piston 28 and in which the deflection of the piston 28 causes one of the size of the Deflection of the piston 28-dependent voltage is generated by the magnetic field which changes during movement and which acts on the sensor 30.
    In the present exemplary embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 3, three magnetoresistive sensors 30 are arranged axially next to one another, so that the position of the permanent magnet 32 moved with the piston 28 can be determined with a high degree of accuracy via three different voltages generated by superposition .
    The magnetoresistive sensors 30 are connected to an evaluation and control unit 34, which processes the values of these sensors 30 and transmits corresponding control signals to the drive motor 20, which is controlled as far as possible in such a way that the piston 28 is always in a defined starting position, the displacement meter 18 thus constantly approximately compensates for the pressure difference arising on the piston 28 due to the injected fluid. This means that when the piston 28 is deflected to the right, the displacement speed is increased as a function of the size of this deflection, and vice versa. For this purpose, the deflection of the piston 28 or the volume displaced by it in the measuring chamber 26 is converted into a desired delivery volume of the displacement meter 18 or a speed of the drive motor 20 by means of a transfer function and the drive motor 20 is supplied with current accordingly.
    In the measuring chamber 26, a pressure sensor 36 and a temperature sensor 38 are arranged which continuously measure the pressures and temperatures occurring in this area and in turn feed them to the evaluation and control unit 34 in order to be able to take account of changes in density in the calculation.
    The measurements are carried out in such a way that when calculating a total flow to be determined in the evaluation and control unit 34, both a flow in the bypass line 22 resulting from the movement or position of the piston 28 and the volume displaced therewith in the measuring chamber 26 and an actual flow rate of the displacement meter 18 are taken into account in a defined time interval and both flow rates are added to one another to determine the total flow rate.
    The determination of the flow at the piston 28 takes place, for example, in that the deflection of the piston 28 is differentiated in the evaluation and control unit 34, which is connected to the sensor 30, and is then multiplied by the base area of the piston 28 so that a volume flow results in the bypass line 22 in this time interval.
    The flow through the displacement meter 18 and thus in the main line 16 can either be determined from the determined control data for regulating the displacement meter 18 or calculated from the speed if this is measured directly via optical encoders or magnetoresistive sensors.
    An error-free and fast measurement of the deflection of the piston 28 is crucial for high-precision and high-resolution measurement results the sensors are negatively influenced.
    In order to prevent falsified measured values from these interference magnetic fields, according to the invention at least one stationary permanent magnet 40 is arranged in the housing 27, the magnetic field of which acts on the magnetoresistive sensor or sensors 30 exclusively in the direction of movement of the piston 28 and thus in the direction in which the magnetoresistive sensor 30, which is designed as a unipolar sensor 30, measures. The field lines of this stationary permanent magnet 40 acting on the sensor 30 are thus parallel to the field line components of the movable permanent magnet 32 which are measured by the sensor 30 and have the same effective direction.
    In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic field is generated by the first stationary permanent magnet 40 and a second stationary permanent magnet 42, which are arranged on both sides of the sensors 30. They are located on a common axis 44 with the sensors 30, which runs parallel to the axis along which the piston 28 and thus the movable permanent magnet 32 is displaced. These two stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 are polarized opposite to the movable permanent magnet 32, so that the magnetic field of the movable permanent magnet 32 acting on the sensor 30 is always strengthened. This results in a broadening of the usable magnetic field and a shift of the second maximum of the magnetic field in the direction of 0. However, the usable linear measuring range is expanded, which leads to more precise measured values. This shift in the magnetic field strength due to the presence of the stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 when the piston moves is shown in FIG.
    These two stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 are attached as close as possible to the two sides of the sensors 30. In particular, they can be arranged on the same board 46 as the sensors 30 and thus be located within a travel path of the piston 28 or the movable permanent magnet. In this case, a relatively small magnetic field generated by the stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 is sufficient, which corresponds, for example, to approximately 3% of the field strength of the movable permanent magnet 32. An advantage of this arrangement is also that the stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 have no measurable influence on the movable permanent magnet 32, as a result of which the balance of forces on the piston 28 could be influenced. The circuit board 46 is arranged on a housing block 52 made of aluminum, which is part of the housing 27 and which on the one hand has good heat conduction and can thus be used for cooling or heating and on the other hand is not magnetic, so that magnetization by the permanent magnets 40, 42 is not applicable.
    However, it may be necessary to arrange the stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 at a distance from the circuit board 46 and thus the electronic components arranged on the circuit board 46. As a result, in order to nevertheless achieve a shift in the magnetic field, stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 with a greater field strength have to be used, since they are at a greater distance from the sensors and are, for example, outside the travel path of the movable magnet 32 . The field strength of these magnets 40, 42 can, for example, be 70% of the field strength of the movable permanent magnet 32. This has the consequence that magnetic attraction and repulsion forces act on the movable permanent magnet 32, which result in a piston displacement, as a result of which the regulation of the flow meter 10 is influenced.
    In order to avoid this, a third stationary permanent magnet 48 and a fourth stationary permanent magnet 50 on the housing 27 acting on the measuring chamber 26 are arranged on the side of the piston 28 opposite the sensors 30. These are arranged in such a way that the magnetic field of the first and second stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 is exactly balanced on the movement axis 45 of the movable permanent magnet 32, i.e. the magnetic force resulting from the four stationary permanent magnets 40, 42, 48, 50 along this axis is zero. This can be done, for example, by an axially symmetrical arrangement to the movement axis 45 of the movable permanent magnet 32 with the same field strength and polarity. The magnetic field of the first and second stationary permanent magnets 40, 42 acting on the sensors 30, however, remains largely intact due to the smaller distance between these permanent magnets compared to the third and fourth permanent magnets 48, 50 and the sensors 30. This alternative arrangement of the permanent magnets is shown only in dashed lines in FIG. 2 and forms an alternative arrangement to the permanent magnets 40, 42 shown in bold in the first exemplary embodiment described.
    A pressure differential transducer designed in this way provides very exact measured values, which also improves the measurement of the flow meter, since the influence of interfering external magnetic fields is surprisingly greatly reduced and, on the other hand, the linear range of the sensors 30 available for an exact measurement or the changing Magnetic field is increased significantly, whereby the accuracy is increased. In this way, there is no need for additional magnetic shielding.
    It should be clear that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described, but various modifications are possible within the scope of the main claim. In particular, the magnetic fields can optionally be generated by a different number and arrangement of stationary permanent magnets.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter witha housing (27),a measuring chamber (26) which is formed in the housing (27),a piston (28) which is arranged axially displaceably in the measuring chamber (26),a permanent magnet (32) which is arranged in the piston (28) and can be moved with the piston (28) andat least one magnetoresistive sensor (30) which measures a change in the magnetic field in the direction of movement of the movable permanent magnet (32),characterized in thatat least one stationary permanent magnet (40; 42) is arranged in the housing (27), the magnetic field of which acts on the magnetoresistive sensor (30) exclusively in the direction of movement of the piston (28).
    [2]
    2. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to claim 1,characterized in thattwo stationary permanent magnets (40, 42) of the same polarity are arranged in the housing (27), which are arranged on a common axis (44) with the at least one magnetoresistive sensor (30) which is parallel to the axis of movement (45) of the movable permanent magnet (32 ), the first stationary permanent magnet (40) being arranged on a first side of the at least one magnetoresistive sensor (30) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) being arranged on the opposite side of the at least one magnetoresistive sensor (30).
    [3]
    3. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to claim 2,characterized in thatthe two stationary permanent magnets (40, 42) are polarized opposite to the movable permanent magnet (32).
    [4]
    4. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to one of claims 2 or 3,characterized in thatseveral magnetoresistive sensors (30) are arranged on the axis between the two stationary permanent magnets (40, 42).
    [5]
    5. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to one of claims 2 to 4,characterized in thatthe two stationary permanent magnets (40, 42) are at a distance from one another which corresponds at least to the maximum travel path of the movable permanent magnet (32).
    [6]
    6. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to claim 5,characterized in thata third stationary permanent magnet (48) and a fourth stationary permanent magnet (50) are arranged on the side of the piston (28) opposite to the first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42), and which generate a resulting magnetic field which corresponds to the resulting magnetic field of the first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) on the axis of movement (45) of the movable permanent magnet (32) with respect to the magnitude of the magnetic field and whose field lines have an opposite orientation.
    [7]
    7. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to one of claims 2 to 4,characterized in thatthe first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) are arranged within the travel path of the movable permanent magnet (32) and generate a magnetic field which is smaller than 5 at the level of the movement axis (45) of the movable permanent magnet (32) % of the maximum field strength of the movable permanent magnet (32).
    [8]
    8. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to any one of claims 2 to 7,characterized in thatthe first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) are arranged on a circuit board (46) on which the magnetoresistive sensors (30) are arranged.
    [9]
    9. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to one of claims 2 to 7,characterized in thatthe first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) are attached to a housing block (52) of the housing (27) on which the circuit board (46) is attached.
    [10]
    10. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to claim 9,characterized in thatthe housing block (52) is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
    [11]
    11. Differential pressure sensor for a flow measuring device according to one of claims 2 to 10characterized in thatthe field strength of the first stationary permanent magnet (40) and the second stationary permanent magnet (42) corresponds to 1% to 90% of the field strength of the movable permanent magnet (32).
    [12]
    12. Differential pressure sensor for a flow meter according to one of the preceding claims,characterized in thatthe magnetoresistive sensor or sensors (30) are unipolar sensors.
    [13]
    13. Flow meter for measuring time-resolved flow processes withan inlet (12),an outlet (14),a drivable displacement meter (18),a bypass line (22) via which the displacement meter (18) can be bypasseda pressure differential sensor (24) which is arranged in the bypass line (22)and an evaluation and control unit (34) via which the drivable displacement meter (18) can be regulated as a function of the pressure difference applied to the pressure difference sensor (24),characterized in thatthe differential pressure sensor (24) is a differential pressure sensor according to one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020014724A1|2020-01-23|
    AT521356B1|2020-01-15|
    JP2021529972A|2021-11-04|
    AT521356A4|2020-01-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP3395402B2|1994-10-14|2003-04-14|住友電気工業株式会社|Travel detector|
    EP1489385B1|2003-06-11|2016-07-20|FTE automotive GmbH|Device for detecting the axial position of a first part which is moveable relative to a second part|
    US8324890B2|2009-09-18|2012-12-04|Delphi Technologies, Inc.|Clutch position sensor for vehicle transmission|
    AT512619B1|2013-06-26|2015-02-15|Avl List Gmbh|Flowmeter|
    AT515406B1|2014-06-23|2015-09-15|Avl List Gmbh|Method for measuring time-resolved flow processes|
    AT516622B1|2015-03-24|2016-07-15|Avl List Gmbh|System for measuring time-resolved flow processes of fluids|
    WO2017046199A1|2015-09-15|2017-03-23|Avl List Gmbh|Device comprising a canned motor for measuring flow processes of measuring fluids|
    DE102016117340A1|2015-09-15|2017-03-16|Avl List Gmbh|Differential pressure sensor for a flowmeter and flowmeter|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50623/2018A|AT521356B1|2018-07-18|2018-07-18|Differential pressure transducer for a flow meter and flow meter|
    PCT/AT2019/060239|WO2020014724A1|2018-07-18|2019-07-18|Differential pressure sensor for a flow measuring device, and flow measuring device|
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